23. ) does not work anymore after upgrading to Kubernetes 1. Calico uses the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) to build routing tables Big picture了解Calico支持的各种网络选项，以便可以根据需要选择最佳选项。 ValueCalico灵活的模块化体系结构支持广泛的部署选项，因此可以根据自己的特定环境和需求选择 This story explain how to install and understand Calico in a Kubernetes cluster as a CNI (Container Network Interface). The operator is installed directly on the calico几种模式对比 注意calico不会有任何网桥 会为每一个容器创建一个Veth pair设备，一端在容器内，一端设置到宿主机上 数据的转发，靠Calico Kubernetes 集群中的Calico网络插件有几种网络模式，例如BGP, IPIP, VXLAN (Calico v3. Calico also offers policy isolation, allowing you to secure and 文章浏览阅读4. 总结 封装方式：Calico的IPIP模型在数据包内部添加新的IP头，而Cilium的VXLAN模型在数据包外部封装VXLAN和UDP头部。 网络性能：IPIP模型由于封装开销小，通常在网络性能上优 Calico uses the vxlan overlay network by default, and you can configure it to support ipip (IP-in-IP). VXLAN VXLAN routing is supported in Calico 3. This was done to facilitate wider deployment scenarios including those where vxlan Flannel vs Calico终极对决：生产环境选型指南 在Kubernetes网络插件领域，Flannel和Calico的对比就像"家用轿车与性能跑车"的选择。本文将基于数百个生产集群的实战经 文章浏览阅读3. There are multiple layers present — from the containers to the underlying infrastructure. 修改配置文件中CALICO_IPV4POOL_IPIP以及CALICO_IPV4POOL_VXLAN的value值： 配置修改完直接使用kubectl apply -f calico. Direct Mode: Packets are VXLAN EVPN fabric is the most popular solution of overlay network, this section will discuss how to design the Calico network with VXLAN EVPN fabric and which available options are 简述 k8s常用的两大网络插件Flannel和Calico都支持隧道技术，其中Calico支持IPinIP和BGP两种模式，IPIP模式中用到了隧道技术。但是Flannel和Calico使用 Introduction Kubernetes networking is a complex topic. 15 will lift this restriction with support for WireGuard in Calico VXLAN and IPIP overlay networks. BGP and ipip mode usage scenario: the BGP mode uses node hosts under the same VLAN, that is, the same network segment; ipip mode is mainly used to solve the problem of cross network segment. With eBPF enabled, Calico can bypass iptables for routing, NAT, and even load balancing, further enhancing the speed and efficiency of both VXLAN and BGP modes. yaml，完成插件安装。 2 简述k8s常用的两大网络插件Flannel和Calico都支持隧道技术，其中Calico支持IPinIP和BGP两种模式，IPIP模式中用到了隧道技术。但是Flannel和Calico使用 Configure Calico to use IP in IP or VXLAN overlay networking so the underlying network doesn’t need to understand pod addresses. Calico automatically detects the primary interface of a host and 在Kubernetes（K8S）中，Calico和Cilium是两种流行的容器网络接口（CNI）插件，它们各自具有独特的特点和优势。下面将详细比较这两种CNI插件，并探讨Calico的IPIP模型和Cilium Ensure that the selected pod's subnet is a part of your Azure virtual network IP range. This was referred to as Canal. When vxlan is enabled without natOutgoing routing between Workloads and Hosts 前言本文主要分析k8s中网络组件calico的 IPIP网络模式。旨在理解IPIP网络模式下产生的calixxxx，tunl0等设备以及跨节点网络通信方式。可能看着有点枯燥，但 Calico两种网络模式 Calico本身支持多种网络模式，从overlay和underlay上区分。 Calico overlay 模式，一般也称Calico IPIP或VXLAN模式， k8s网络插件主要分为：underlay和overlay，calico 主要分为3种模式：BGP属于underlay、IPIP和VXLAN属于overlay，由于环境受限，我们只能使用ipip或者VXLAN，因为ipip模式 简述k8s常用的两大网络插件Flannel和Calico都支持隧道技术，其中Calico支持IPinIP和BGP两种模式，IPIP模式中用到了隧道技术。但是Flannel和Calico使用 Calico is installed by an operator which manages the installation, upgrade, and general lifecycle of a Calico cluster. 7之后支持此模式)，本文主要介绍IPIP模式。 Calico IPIP模式其实是利用了Linux 的tun/tap设 Today I learned that calico can easily get confused about its primary interface when adding a VPN interface to the host. 7+. 9k次，点赞6次，收藏16次。本文比较了Calico和Flannel在Kubernetes中的应用，着重讨论了它们的技术基础、性能、安全性和 Calico is built on the third layer, also known as Layer 3 or the network layer, of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) model. ko to use the command to check whether the kernel loads the IPIP module lsmod | grep ipip; Using the command modprobe To address this, Calico encapsulates your traffic with an encapsulation technology (VxLAN/IPIP) to allow smooth transportation of your # calico_ipip_mode: 'Always' # set VXLAN encapsulation mode: "Always", "CrossSubnet", "Never" # calico_vxlan_mode: 'Never' The topic of Configure Calico to use IP in IP or VXLAN overlay networking so the underlying network doesn’t need to understand pod addresses. Does Azure Calico also provides a stateless IP-in-IP or VXLAN encapsulation mode that can be used, if necessary. For now, IP-in-IP encapsulation requires maintaining the routes with BGP, whereas VXLAN Calico supports several networking modes, each with its own characteristics: IPIP Mode: Similar to Flannel, encapsulating packets for inter-node communication. 4k次，点赞16次，收藏28次。之前的文章讲了k8s ipip模式的使用以及流量路径，本篇文章主要是来讲解一下vxlan 模式下pod 流量是如何通信的 # 修改 Calico 配置 kubectl edit ippool 1）将 ipipMode 改为 Always（即启用 IPIP 模式） 2）将 vxlanMode 改为 Never（即禁用 VXLAN 模式） # 重启 calico-node kubectl rollout restart deploy IPIP is used when the underlying networking between hosts would drop traffic that is not destined or originating from a host. Historically, to route traffic using VXLAN and use Calico policy enforcement, you’d need to deploy Flannel and Calico. Does NOT support armv7 Uses bit more resources Supports dual-stack (IPv4/IPv6) networking Supports cross-subnet：Calico-ipip 模式和 calico-bgp 模式都有对应的局限性，对于一些主机跨子网而又无法使网络设备使用 BGP 的场景可以使用 cross-subnet 模式，实 . If all else fails, then running Calico with VXLAN encapsulation enabled should make it Calico 网络插件提供两种 Overlay 方案：IPIP 与 VXLAN，本文只介绍 IPIP 模式。 IPIP 如果 Kubernetes 集群的节点不在同一个子网里，没法通过二层 因此同样是隧道模式但是Calico的IPIP比Flannel的vxlan的网络性能更好。 其实，flannal支持多种后端模式，推荐使用的有三种：VXLAN，host-gw ( The other small difference between the two types of encapsulation is that Calico’s VXLAN implementation does not use BGP, whereas Calico’s IP in Setting natOutgoing is recommended on any IP Pool with vxlan enabled. With the BIRD backend, Calico can use either IP-in-IP or VXLAN encapsulation between machines. 2k次。本文对比了k8s中Flannel的vxlan与Calico的IPIP隧道技术。Flannel的vxlan使用MACinUDP，增加50字节开销，而Calico的IPIP仅增加20字节，因此在性能上Calico更优。Flannel # 修改 Calico 配置 kubectl edit ippool 1）将 ipipMode 改为 Always（即启用 IPIP 模式） 2）将 vxlanMode 改为 Never（即禁用 VXLAN 模式） # 重启 calico-node kubectl rollout restart deploy IPIP requires the kernel module ipip. With all of these prerequisites met, you can Like Flannel, Calico operates on Layer 3 of the OSI model and uses the BGP protocol to move network packets between nodes in its default Promisingly, bare metal, Calico containers and Calico OpenStack results are all the same. Also ipip (IP-in-IP) is supported by configuration. Additionally, I hope these options Calico’s open-source connectivity and security solution is becoming a widely used deployment choice. You can read this This test covers three CNIs including Cilium, Calico and Macvlan, and is based on the following models: Cilium Cilium (VXLAN mode) Calico Calico (VXLAN mode) Calico (underlay mode) Expected Behavior Pod-to-pod communication should work and pods should be able to reach external networks such as hosts on the Internet Calico 的运行支持三种模式: vxlan (overlay) ipip (overlay) bgp (underlay) calico ipip 变更 BGP 配置 calico网络 包含 overlay 和 underlay网络 overlay IPIP和VXLAN模式， IPIP可以使用BGP协议， VXLAN不能使用BGP协 本文介绍了K8s环境中CNI插件Flannel和Calico的跨主机容器组网及服务发布负载网络策略。Flannel使用VXLAN构建覆盖网络，而Calico采用纯三 Kubernetes网络插件选型指南：Flannel vs Calico 深度对比与生产实践 在Kubernetes集群中，网络插件的选择直接影响着业务稳定性和运维复杂度。作为部署过500+节点的架构师，我将从 Calico 3. Calico’s plugin for Kubernetes offers network VXLAN EVPN fabric is the most popular solution of overlay network, this section will discuss how to design the Calico network with VXLAN EVPN Calico uses vxlan overlay network by default. Calico的IPIP模式和Cilium的VXLAN模式是两种主流的实现方案。 本文将从原理、性能、生产落地场景等维度深度解析它们的差异， VNI（VXLAN Network Identifier）：每个VXLAN网络都有一个唯一的24位VNI标识符，这使得数百万个VXLAN网络可以共存于同一个物理网络中，每个VNI对应一个独立的二层隔离域。 With the BIRD backend, Calico can use either IP-in-IP or VXLAN encapsulation between machines. For now, IP-in-IP encapsulation requires maintaining the routes with BGP, whereas VXLAN Calico supports a hybrid approach where encapsulation (IPIP or VXLAN) is used only when crossing subnet boundaries, while direct routing is used within the same subnet. 5 with kubespray at commit id 0481dd9. VXLAN has a slightly higher per-packet overhead because the header is larger. Let’s dig in. When deploying k0s with the default settings, all pods on a node can communicate with all pods on all If Calico is configured to use IPIP mode, then the cloud must be configured to allow IPIP (protocol 4) network traffic. performance wise calico has 3. There is a cross subnet mode of IPIP where no overlay is used Effects Networking inside Kubernetes (pods, services, etc. Is 文章浏览阅读1. Include the name of your routing table in the configuration file of your Kubernetes Azure cloud provider. 18 from auto-enabling ipip mode to auto-enabling vxlan. 集群内bgp（iBGP） 在不使用overlay网络的情况下，calico的bgp用来配置集群内节点之间的子网路由自动更新配置。 在使用ipip模式overlay网络的 Now that we've explored routing in Calico using IP-in-IP, Direct, and VXLAN, I hope you’re feeling more knowledgable about Calico’s routing options. Whereas weave and flannel both rely on VXLAN and have additional overhead of encapsulation and decapsulation etc. Symptoms Summary : Many 因此同样是隧道模式但是Calico的IPIP比Flannel的vxlan的网络性能更好。 其实，flannal支持多种后端模式，推荐使用的有三种：VXLAN，host-gw (损耗较少，但因路由设置的原因只适合小 本文介绍了如何在Kubernetes中实践Calico CrossSubnet模式，提供详细的网络环境配置和操作步骤。 文章浏览阅读1. 6k次。概念了解 Calico 支持的不同网络选项，以便可以根据需要选择最佳选项。Calico 灵活的模块化架构支持广泛的部署选项，因此您可以选择适合您特定环境和需求的最 Kubespray defaults have changed after version 2. OpenStack using OVS with VXLAN is substantially Calico operates at TCP/IP, and does direct ip routing. VXLAN is supported in some environments where IP in IP is not (for example, Azure).

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